Which process translates the genetic information into a polypeptide chain?

Which process translates the genetic information into a polypeptide chain?

• A. Transcription
• B. Replication
• C. Translation
• D. Transduction

Answer: (C)

The process that translates genetic information into a polypeptide chain is translation. After a gene is transcribed into messenger RNA, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and, with the help of transfer RNAs bringing the corresponding amino acids, links them together to form a growing polypeptide. This decoding step converts the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence, which then folds into a functional protein. In contrast, transcription copies DNA into RNA, replication duplicates DNA for cell division, and transduction involves the transfer of genetic material by a virus.

The process that translates genetic information into a polypeptide chain is translation. After a gene is transcribed into messenger RNA, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and, with the help of transfer RNAs bringing the corresponding amino acids, links them together to form a growing polypeptide. This decoding step converts the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence, which then folds into a functional protein. In contrast, transcription copies DNA into RNA, replication duplicates DNA for cell division, and transduction involves the transfer of genetic material by a virus.