What is the process by which cells synthesize proteins from mRNA?

What is the process by which cells synthesize proteins from mRNA?

• A. Transcription
• B. Replication
• C. Translation
• D. Transduction

Answer: (C)

Translation is the process by which the information in messenger RNA is used to build a protein. The mRNA carries a sequence of codons, each specifying a particular amino acid. A ribosome binds the mRNA and, with help from transfer RNA molecules that bring the matching amino acids, reads the codons and aligns the amino acids in the correct order. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. This continues from a start codon to a stop codon, at which point the completed protein is released. This step follows transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA; replication is the copying of DNA itself; transduction refers to gene transfer by viruses. In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum for proteins that are secreted or membrane-bound, with further processing in the Golgi. The essential point is that translation converts the genetic code carried by mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Translation is the process by which the information in messenger RNA is used to build a protein. The mRNA carries a sequence of codons, each specifying a particular amino acid. A ribosome binds the mRNA and, with help from transfer RNA molecules that bring the matching amino acids, reads the codons and aligns the amino acids in the correct order. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. This continues from a start codon to a stop codon, at which point the completed protein is released. This step follows transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA; replication is the copying of DNA itself; transduction refers to gene transfer by viruses. In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum for proteins that are secreted or membrane-bound, with further processing in the Golgi. The essential point is that translation converts the genetic code carried by mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein.